Among the most curious topics about servo motors are servo motor types. As Şahin Rulman, we will give information about servo motor types in our blog post this week. In our article where we will list the types of servo motors, we will give information about each type of servo motor. We hope it will be a useful blog post for those who want to get information on the subject, and we wish you a pleasant read.

Brief Information About Servo Motors

Before giving information about servo motor types, it would be useful to give brief information about servo motors. Servo motors, which are closed-loop motor systems, have angles, positions and speeds that normal motors cannot, thanks to the extra parts inside them. Servo motors, which are different from other motor types in this respect, are also divided into different types within themselves. 

What are the Servo Motor Types?

Brief about servo motors After providing some information, we can start listing the servo motor types and explaining their features. Servo motors are divided into two main groups: DC servo motor and AC servo motor. 

1. DC Servo Motors (Brushed)

DC servo motors, known as permanent magnet motors, can be field or rotor controlled when they work in a servo system. In DC motors, the rotor is fed from a voltage source or current source. Each combination to be adjusted results in different torque speed characteristics. These connections can be called DC servo motor types. Since different torque speed characteristics occur, there are also high torque servo motors among them. We can list the main combinations as follows:

• Field controlled – fixed rotor voltage supply
• Field controlled – constant rotor current supply
• Rotor controlled – constant area supply
• Series discrete area

DC servo motors was among the first engines used in the industry. As a matter of fact, thyristor, which is the only control method for these direct current motors, has been used for many years. DC motors have a control circuit and a potentiometer with shaft function in their internal structure. Apart from these, there are gear structures that determine the rotation moment and torque of the motor. DC servo motors have the ability to move angularly between -90 degrees and +90 degrees, a total of 180 degrees. Therefore, they are suitable motors for controlling angles of 0 – 180 degrees. That's why they are also known as 180 degree servo motors. It is used as a DC source in DC motors. In this way, a stable polar magnetic field is achieved. Variable voltage is given to the rotor. Currents circulated by voltages cause magnetic fields to begin to repel each other and, accordingly, to begin rotation.

AC servo motors, unlike DC servo motors used in high-power applications, are used in applications requiring both low and high power. It is a type of brushless motor. AC motors have simple structures and low inertia. In general, they are motors with non-linear properties and high magnetic bond. They have lower torque compared to DC servo motors. AC servo motors have an encoder part. With the help of encoder systems, they obtain the ability to return to angular precision. There are some that have the capacity to operate at high frequency values. Since they can perform angular movements, they are extremely suitable for machines with CNC control. Since they can move in a circular area, they are also called 360 degree servo motor and 360 degree rotating servo motor. AC servo motors are basically divided into two groups:

• Two-Phase Servo Motor

Two-phase servo motors, which constitute the majority of servo motors used in control systems, are used in high frequency airway systems. Frequencies can be 60 Hz or 400 Hz. In two-phase servo motors, the stator consists of two windings distributed at an electrical angle of 90 degrees from each other. The voltage of the control phase of these motors is provided by the servo amplifier. To control the two-phase servo motor, the reference winding amplitude is provided with a constant alternating voltage. On the other hand, the control winding of 2-phase servo motors is fed with an additional voltage whose amplitude level can be adjusted.

• Three Phase Servo Motor

Three-phase servo motor types are used especially in applications requiring high power. 3-phase servo motors, which are successful in applications requiring high power, have started to gain weight in these applications. Three-phase servo motors, which are extremely durable in structure, have non-linear features. For this reason, the control process becomes relatively more complex.

We can define spindle servo motors as a type of motor produced to meet the needs of machines that can rotate at high speeds in industrial applications. The prominent feature of spindle servo motors, which can be used in many different sectors, is their capacity to increase the speed rhythm to high levels. Since great advantages are provided in the sectors where this feature is used, spindle servo motor The use of its varieties is increasing. Another prominent advantage of these products, which are among the high-speed servo motor types, is that they can rotate even at high speeds.

Mini servo motors, which are among the servo motor types, are, as the name suggests, developed for very small mechanisms. They can be used in areas such as simple RC vehicles, especially robot projects in schools. Apart from these, they are also frequently used in the landing gear and control surfaces of model helicopters and model airplanes, and in robot arms. Small servo motors are also called 9gr servo motors due to their size. Mini servo motor types generally have plastic teeth. 

Servo motor We have come to the end of the blog post we prepared about varieties. Throughout the article, we discussed types such as continuously rotating servo motor and DC servo motor. You can examine the servo motor types we offer as Şahin Rulman via the relevant link. If you have any questions about the subject, you can contact us at 0212 576 04 06.